A2 Macroeconomics: Producer subsidies for an infant industry
This is a handy example of two concepts for international trade. An infant industry is one that has recently developed. If we think it has potential, we might be able to protect it in some way. Tariffs, quotas and similar restrictions are not the answer, because the industry is likely to be in its infancy all over the world.
Graphene, an infant industry ...
This is a very thin material that conducts electricity very well, and is virtually indestructable. Its potential for the computing industry is judged to be enormous: it is cheap and may well produce a laptop the size of an earphone.
... being given a producer subsidy
The EU is expected to give a Euro2 billion subsidy towards the development of graphene applications. Some of this will be in Aachen, and some in Manchester, and some in other places. China already has 2000 patents on the application of graphene, the USA is said to be not far behind. Here is the video of the winners of a Euro41 million subsidy in Aachen, part of the Euro2 billion producer subsidy, explaining the potential of the material:
Tasks:
Explain the argument for protecting an infant industry.
Discuss the effects of a producer subsidy on graphite on the EU economy.